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美籍奥地利经济学家约瑟夫·熊彼特1912年在《经济发展理论》一书中最早提出了创新的概念,并将其定义为“创新就是生产函数的变动.而这种函数是不能分解为小的步骤的”。他认为.创新是企业家对生产手段的新组合,“生产意味着把我们所能支配的原材料和力量组合起来。”美国学者富丽克斯认为,“创新的实质涉及到两个领域的结合——技术领域和商业领域”.“创新是引入新技术、新工艺、新服务和新市场以及新组织管理形式的结果”。
Joseph Schumpeter, the Austrian economist, first proposed the concept of innovation in his book “Theory of Economic Development” in 1912 and defined it as “Innovation is the change of the production function, which can not be decomposed ”For small steps. In his opinion, innovation is a new combination of entrepreneurial means of production, and “production means combining the raw materials and the forces that we can control.” According to the American scholar Felix, “the essence of innovation involves two fields The combination of technology and business ”.“ Innovation is the result of introducing new technologies, new processes, new services and markets, and new forms of organizational management. ”