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纳米材料许多特有的性质,与其晶格结构密切相关。对纳米Ni微粒的研究表明,晶格收缩导致其Curie温度下降。由于晶格畸变(收缩),键长缩短导致纳米微粒的键本征振动频率增大,使得纳米材料光吸收带“蓝移”。晶格畸变引起纳米材料的晶格势场变化,改变了电子的运动状态,使得材料的电输运行为异常。纳米材料的晶格畸变引起的奇异性质倍受关注,对纳米材料晶格结构变化的研究也不断地深入和系统:人们先后用各种技术研究了用气体冷凝法、等离子体溅射法和高能球磨法等方法制备的纯组元纳米材料的晶格畸变,观察到了或收缩或膨胀的不同畸变结果。究竟纳米材料的晶格畸变与什么因素有关,如何看待晶格或收缩或膨胀等不同畸变结果,这需要对纳米材料的晶格畸变做进一步的研究。
Many unique properties of nanomaterials are closely related to their lattice structure. Studies on nano-Ni particles show that the lattice shrinkage leads to a decrease of its Curie temperature. Due to lattice distortion (shrinkage), the shortened bond length leads to an increase of the vibrational frequency of the intrinsic bond of the nanoparticle, which makes the light absorption band of the nanomaterial “blue-shifted.” Lattice distortion causes the nanocrystalline lattice potential field changes, changing the state of the electron movement, making the material’s electrical transport behavior anomalies. Much attention has been paid to the singularity caused by the lattice distortion of nanomaterials. The study on the lattice structure changes of nanomaterials has been continuously and systematically studied. People have successively studied various kinds of techniques such as gas condensation, plasma sputtering and high energy Ball milling and other methods to prepare the pure elemental nanomaterial lattice distortion, or observed different contraction or expansion of the distortion results. What exactly is the lattice distortion of nanomaterials and what factors are related to it? How to treat lattice distortion or different distortion results such as shrinkage or expansion? This requires further study on the lattice distortion of nanomaterials.