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水稻在抽穗开花期对高温胁迫非常敏感,通过挖掘耐热资源,培育耐热水稻品种是应对高温热害最有效的方式。前期研究发现,地方稻资源D43在花期连续高温条件下能保持较高的结实率。本研究在大田和人工气候室不同高温处理下,分析了D43的开花时间与耐热性之间的相互关系。结果表明,高温能够使水稻的开花时间提前,D43表现出稳定的早花时特性,高温胁迫下的开花时间集中在8∶30~10∶00;在开花时间段恒定高温胁迫下,D43的结实率较低;但在大田高温和人工气候室模拟高温胁迫下,D43的开花时间避开了日高温段,从而表现出较高的结实率;花器官形态性状包括花药开裂率、柱头上的花粉附着数、花粉萌发数与结实率之间呈显著正相关,因此可用于评价水稻的花期耐热性。
Rice is very sensitive to heat stress during flowering and flowering stage. It is the most effective way to deal with high temperature and heat damage by cultivating heat-tolerant resources and cultivating heat-resistant rice varieties. Preliminary studies have found that D43, a local rice resource, can maintain high seed setting rate under continuous high temperature in flowering stage. In this study, the relationship between flowering time and heat tolerance of D43 was analyzed under different high temperature treatments in field and artificial climate chamber. The results showed that high temperature could advance the flowering time of rice, D43 showed stable early flowering characteristics, and the flowering time under high temperature stress concentrated in 8:30 ~ 10:00. Under the constant high temperature stress at flowering stage, However, under the simulated high temperature stress in the field and artificial climate chamber, the flowering time of D43 was higher than that of the high temperature stage, which showed higher seed setting rate. Morphological characteristics of flower organs included anther dehiscence rate, pollen on stigma There was a significant positive correlation between the numbers of adhering and pollen germination and the seed setting rate. Therefore, it could be used to evaluate the anthesis of flowering in rice.