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在当今能源紧缺和环境污染严重的前提下,煤层气作为一类非常规天然气,越来越受到人们的重视。传统观点认为煤层甲烷多由高温热解产生,但是根据甲烷的同位素特征来判断,世界很多地方(包括我国鄂尔多斯、淮南等地)的煤层气多属生物成因或者生物和热成因混合。同时,越来越多的生物学证据也表明种类多样的产甲烷相关微生物广泛存在于煤层伴生地层水中或者煤层样品中。这也说明生物成因的煤层气仍然在不断地产生,这也为利用生物方法促进煤层气产生和利用提供了良好的契机。本文将介绍产甲烷微生物种群构成与功能、产气途径、影响产气速率的因素,探讨我国微生物强化产煤层气并实现产业化的应用前景。
In today’s energy shortage and environmental pollution under the premise of CBM as a class of unconventional natural gas, more and more people’s attention. However, according to the isotope characteristics of methane, CBM in many parts of the world (including Erdos and Huainan, China) is mostly biogenic, or a mixture of biological and thermogenic factors. At the same time, a growing body of biological evidence suggests that a wide range of methanogenic microorganisms are found extensively in the associated formation water or coalbed samples. This also shows that biogenic CBM is still constantly emerging, which also provides a good opportunity for the use of biological methods to promote CBM production and utilization. In this paper, we will introduce the composition and function of methane-producing microbial population, the gas production pathway, the factors that affect the gas production rate, and the application prospect of microbial production of CBM in China and its industrialization.