Diffusion tensor imaging is a sensitive way to reflect axonal necrosis and degeneration, glial cell regeneration and demyelination following spinal cord injury, and to display microstructure changes in the spinal cordin vivo. Diffusion tensor imaging technology is a sensitive method to diagnose spinal cord injury; ifber tractography visualizes the white matter ifbers, and directly displays the structural integrity and resultant damage of the ifber bundle. At present, diffusion tensor imaging is restricted to brain examinations, and is rarely applied in the evaluation of spinal cord injury. This study aimed to explore the fractional anisotropy and apparent diffusion coefifcient of diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging and the feasibility of diffusion tensor tractography in the evaluation of complete spinal cord injury in rats. The results showed that the average combined scores were obviously decreased after spinal cord transection in rats, and then began to increase over time. The fractional anisotropy scores after spinal cord transection in rats were signiifcantly lower than those in normal rats (P < 0.05); the apparent diffusion coefifcient was signiifcantly increased compared with the normal group (P < 0.05). Following spinal cord transection, fractional anisotropy scores were negatively correlated with apparent diffusion coefifcient values (r = –0.856,P < 0.01), and positively correlated with the average combined scores (r= 0.943,P < 0.01), while apparent diffusion coefifcient values had a negative correlation with the average combined scores (r = –0.949,P < 0.01). Experimental ifndings suggest that, as a non-invasive examination, diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging can provide qualita-tive and quantitative information about spinal cord injury. The fractional anisotropy score and apparent diffusion coefifcient have a good correlation with the average combined scores, which relfect functional recovery after spinal cord injury.