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公法上返还请求权即公法上不当得利,指在公法范围内,欠缺法律上的原因而发生的财产变动,致一方受有利益,他方受有损害,受损的一方有请求返还所受利益的权利,在给付行政时代里肩负着矫正欠缺法律关系的财货转移与保护财货归属的功能,若按请求基础可将公法上的不当得利划分为:相对人向国家或其他行政主体请求、国家或其他行政主体向相对人请求与行政机关之间相互请求等情形。对于上述情形在我国当下行政实践中均已悄悄的发生,但因我国当下相关理论研究严重不足,故在当下面对如此新型问题行政实践似乎显得无力让大量发生在公法领域的不当得利游离于法治规制边缘。为此,需借鉴域外立法与实践结合本土现状,努力建构一套科学的公法上不当得利返还请求权之实现路径。相对人向国家或其他行政主体与国家或其他行政主体向相对人的请求权实现方式,在守望“良法”规则与完善现有行政诉讼制度之下期待有序运作。行政机关之间相互请求的实现方式,法治化路径值得期待。
The public right to return the right to request that public unjust enrichment, refers to within the scope of public law, the lack of legal reasons for the changes in property, to one side have an interest, the other party is harmed, damaged party has requested the return of the benefits Of the rights in the administration of the times to shoulder the correction of the lack of legal relationship between the transfer of goods and the protection of property belonging to the property, if the request can be based on public unjust enrichment can be divided into: the relative to the state or other administrative body at the request , The state or other administrative body asks the relative for mutual requests with the administrative organ. However, due to the serious lack of relevant theoretical research in our country nowadays, it seems that the administrative practice in the face of such a new type of issue seems inability to allow a large number of unjust enrichment in the field of public law to leave The rule of law edge. Therefore, it is necessary to draw lessons from extraterritorial legislation and practice in light of the local situation and strive to construct a set of scientific public law on the right to return the unjust enrichment realization of the path. The relative person’s expectation of an orderly operation of the right of the state or other administrative bodies and the state or other administrative bodies to claim from the counterparts and the observance of the “law of good” rules and improvement of the existing system of administrative proceedings. The realization of mutual requests among administrative organs and the path of legalization are worth the wait.