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本文报道了铀水冶尾矿库环境中的放射性和非放射性有害物质的监测结果。对氡及其子体在环境中的分布作了调查,结果表明,表层尾矿的氡析出率平均为1.92±0.35Bq/m~2s,尾矿库空气中氡浓度平均为42.8±6.0Bq/m~3,氡子体浓度平均为(1.02±0.09)×10~(-1)μJ/m~3,不同方位离覆矿库1—3km范围的氡浓度降至9.3±0.8Bq/m~3(本底水平)。尾矿库管理人员的年有效剂量当量来自氡子体的平均值为0.723mSv,来自γ辐射的平均值为1.93mSv,两者之和占职业照射人员的年容许剂量当量的6.7％。附近居民通过尾矿库所增加的年有效剂量当量,氡子体为2.1×10~(-2)mSv,γ辐射为5.6×10~(-2)mSv,两者之和约为广大居民的年限制剂量当量的7.7％。对退役尾矿库提出尾土植被措施,在尾矿库表面覆盖厚0.5m粘性较大的黄土时,氡析出率降至0.302Bq/m~2s,γ辐射强度降至1.13×10~(-1)μGy/h。
This paper reports the monitoring results of radioactive and non-radioactive harmful substances in the environment of uranium watermelon tailing pond. The distribution of radon and its daughters in the environment was investigated. The results showed that the radon exhalation rate of surface tailings averaged 1.92 ± 0.35Bq / m ~ 2s, and the average radon concentration in the tailings pond was 42.8 ± 6.0Bq / The average concentration of radon progeny was (1.02 ± 0.09) × 10 ~ (-1) μJ / m ~ 3, and the radon concentration in the range of 1-3km from the ore deposit dropped to 9.3 ± 0.8Bq / m ~ 3 (background level). The annual effective dose equivalent for tailings managers is 0.723mSv from radon progeny and 1.93mSv from gamma radiation, accounting for 6.7% of the annual allowable dose equivalent for occupational exposure personnel. The annual effective dose equivalent added by nearby residents through the tailings dam is 2.1 × 10 -2 mSv for radon and 5.6 × 10 -2 mSv for γ radiation. The sum of the two is about the year of the majority of residents 7.7% of the dose equivalent is limited. When the tailings deposit was covered with 0.5m thick loess, the radon exhalation rate dropped to 0.302Bq / m ~ 2s and the γ radiation intensity dropped to 1.13 × 10 ~ (-1) 1) μGy / h.