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目的研究扬州市集装箱企业作业产生的电焊烟尘对作业工人健康的影响。方法选择性地检测了扬州市8家大、中型集装箱企业158个电焊作业点的电焊烟尘和其他粉尘总粉尘浓度。并以机关行政人员作为对照组,作业工人按测定点粉尘浓度分为超标组和达标组,比较3组健康检查结果。结果全部电焊测定点电焊烟尘浓度的时间加权平均浓度(TWA)达标率为40.1%(57/142),短时间接触浓度(STEL)达标率为20.4%(29/142)。3 044名工人中新诊断Ⅰ期电焊工尘肺14例,患病率0.46%。粉尘浓度超标组工人与达标组和空白对照组工人在高千伏胸片检查、鼻甲肥大、眼损伤的异常率差异有显著性(P<0.05)。结论集装箱企业电焊烟尘控制仍然存在不足,并导致工人相关系统发生健康损害,需要加强除尘和防护工作。
Objective To study the effects of welding fumes produced by the container enterprises in Yangzhou on the health of workers. The method selectively detects the welding dust and other dust dust concentrations of 158 welding jobs at eight large and medium-sized container enterprises in Yangzhou City. The administrative staffs were taken as the control group. The working workers were divided into the over-standard group and the standard-compliant group according to the dust concentration at the measuring point. The results of the three groups of health examination were compared. Results The time weighted average concentration (TWA) of 40% (57/142) and the STEL of 20% (29/142) were achieved for all the welding spots. Among 3 044 workers, 14 newly diagnosed stage Ⅰ welders with pneumoconiosis had a prevalence of 0.46%. There was a significant difference in the abnormal rate of turbinate hypertrophy and eye damage between workers with high dust concentration and workers in the standard group and the blank control group under high kV chest radiography (P <0.05). Conclusions There are still some shortcomings in the control of welding fumes and dust in container enterprises, which may lead to health damage to the workers’ related systems. Dust and protection work needs to be strengthened.