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以三(2-羟乙基)异氰尿酸酯(THEIC)和苯氧基磷酰二氯(PDCP)为主要原料,合成了一种新型磷氮型阻燃剂(PNFR),借助FTIR、核磁共振光谱(1 H-NMR、31 P-NMR)对其结构与组成进行了表征。将PNFR与聚磷酸铵(APP)复配用于制备聚磷酸铵-新型磷氮型阻燃剂阻燃聚氨酯泡沫(APP-PNFR/PUF)复合材料,通过极限氧指数(LOI)、垂直燃烧测试、锥形量热和热失重分析对APP-PNFR/PUF复合材料的阻燃性能和热性能进行了研究。结果表明:成功获得了PNFR;此外,PNFR的TGA表明PNFR在N2气氛下的初始分解温度为249℃,800℃时的残炭量可达33.7%,其具有较高的热稳定性能。APP-PNFR的加入能有效改善PUF的阻燃性能,且当PNFR的添加量与组合聚醚的质量比为7.5%时,可获得综合性能较好的阻燃PUF材料,其中LOI从19%提高至24%,UL-94垂直燃烧等级达到V-0级,热释放速率峰值从110.6kW/m2降低到94.5kW/m2;同时,APP-PNFR/PUF3在N2气氛下的初始分解温度提高了6℃,最大分解速率降低了16.3%,800℃时的残炭量可达33.5%。PNFR的加入不会削弱PUF的物理力学性能。
A new type of phosphorus-nitrogen flame retardant (PNFR) was synthesized by using tris (2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate (THEIC) and phenoxy phosphorus dichloride (PDCP) as the main raw materials. Its structure and composition were characterized by 1 H-NMR and 31 P-NMR. The composite of PNFR and ammonium polyphosphate (APP) was used to prepare ammonium polyphosphate-new type of phosphorus-nitrogen flame retardant polyurethane foam (APP-PNFR / PUF) composites. The ultimate oxygen index (LOI), vertical burning test , Cone calorimetric and thermogravimetric analysis were used to study the flame retardancy and thermal properties of APP-PNFR / PUF composites. The results showed that the PNFR was successfully obtained. In addition, the TGA of PNFR showed that the initial decomposition temperature of PNFR was 249 ℃ under N2 atmosphere, and the residual carbon content at 800 ℃ reached 33.7%. It had high thermal stability. The addition of APP-PNFR can effectively improve the flame retardancy of PUF, and when the mass ratio of PNFR to polyether is 7.5%, the flame retardant PUF with better overall properties can be obtained, in which the LOI increases from 19% To 24%, the UL-94 vertical combustion rating reached V-0 and the peak heat release rate decreased from 110.6kW / m2 to 94.5kW / m2. Meanwhile, the initial decomposition temperature of APP-PNFR / PUF3 increased by 6 ℃, the maximum decomposition rate is reduced by 16.3%, and the residual carbon content at 800 ℃ is up to 33.5%. The addition of PNFR does not weaken the physical and mechanical properties of PUF.