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[目的]介绍玉米种质资源的背景及利用现状。[方法]综述了国内外玉米种质资源的遗传背景与利用途径方面的研究进展,包括玉米的杂种优势群及杂优模式,及其在育种中的灵活应用,以及各种类型原始材料的利用方法。[结果]表明种质资源是玉米育种的前提和基础,深入认识和合理选择种质资源,可以显著提高育种效率,加快育种进程。同时认为,在玉米育种原始材料的选择和构建中,不能仅仅局限于杂种优势群和杂种优势模式,还要根据不同类型的种质资源,以及个人的育种目标和思路加以合理利用。[结论]为国内的玉米育种工作开阔思路,提供启示。
[Objective] The research aimed to introduce the background and utilization status of maize germplasm resources. [Method] The research progress of genetic background and utilization of maize germplasm resources at home and abroad were reviewed, including the heterosis groups and heterosis patterns of maize, their flexible application in breeding and the utilization of various types of raw materials method. [Result] The results showed that germplasm resources were the prerequisite and basis of maize breeding. Understanding and selecting germplasm resources rationally could significantly improve the breeding efficiency and speed up the breeding process. At the same time, it is considered that the selection and construction of maize breeding materials should not be limited to the heterotic groups and heterosis modes, but should also be rationally used according to different types of germplasm resources and individual breeding objectives and ideas. [Conclusion] This paper provides enlightenment for broaden the thinking of maize breeding in China.