本文包括长时记忆视优效应的三项实验。实验一使用汉语为学习材料,北京人与广东人为被试;实验二使用英语为学习材料、美国人与中国人为被试;实验三使用日语为学习材料、日本人为被试。三项实验都有视觉、听觉两种呈现方式。三项实验的结果都有利于证明频率差异假设,即如果在书面言语中经验某字词的频率高于在口语中经验该字词的频率,则该字词的视觉呈现优于听觉呈现。 This article includes three experiments on long-term memory as the optimal effect. Experiment 1 uses Chinese as learning materials, Beijing people and Cantonese as subjects, Experiment 2 uses English as learning materials, Americans and Chinese as subjects, Experiment 3 uses Japanese as learning materials, and Japanese as subjects. Three experiments have visual, auditory two ways. The results of the three experiments are all conducive to proving the hypothesis of frequency difference, that is, the visual appearance of a word is better than auditory presentation if it is experienced in a written language whose frequency is higher than that experienced in spoken language.