文学作品的主题虽然多种多样,但有一些却是亘古不变,常写常新,如生与死、爱与恨等。孤独作为一种人类体验,也是一个常见的文学主题。我国唐代大诗人李白的千古名句“举杯邀明月,对影成三人”传神地描绘出诗人静夜独处,形单影只时的那份孤寂和无聊的意境,千百年来,不知在多少人的心灵中引起共鸣。同样,欧美文学中也不乏表现孤独的优秀作品。尤其自历史的车轮驶进现代社会以来,描写孤独的作品更是层出不穷。德国作家卡夫卡的《变形记》集中描写了 Although the themes of literary works are varied, some of them are never the same, often writing new ones, such as life and death, love and hate. Loneliness as a human experience is also a common literary theme. The famous poet Li Bai of the Tang Dynasty in China, “The Toasting Invitation to the Moon, and the Yingcheng Trio” portrays the poet as a quiet night alone, forming a loneliness and boring artistic conception. For thousands of years, I don’t know how many people’s Resonates in the mind. Similarly, there is no lack of outstanding works in Europe and the United States that show loneliness. Especially since the wheel of history has entered the modern society, works depicting loneliness have emerged in endlessly. German Writer Kafka’s “Metamorphosis” focuses on description