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针对新疆奇台县水资源短缺及其生态影响的实际问题,运用人地关系的理论与历史地理学的研究方法,关注事件的过程研究,通过重建研究区人口数量和耕地面积的增长变化,探究一个较长时段内人类利用水资源的变化过程及其对环境影响的阶段性特点。研究表明:在过去300年的时间内,奇台县的水资源利用分为三个特征性阶段:开发利用山水河时期(1767-1864);山水河、泉水河全面开发利用时期(1877-1956);开发利用地下水时期(1956-)。水资源利用变化的环境响应表现为:19世纪末平原区北部苇湖消失;20世纪70年代末河流下游断流、坎儿井废弃、平原区沼泽草湖急剧缩小;20世纪90年代泉水河消失,平原水库废弃;地下水位下降,引起地表植被衰败和土地荒漠化。
In view of the actual problem of water shortage and its ecological impact in Qitai County, Xinjiang, this paper applies the theory of human-earth relationship and historical geography to research the process of events. By reconstructing the growth of population and cultivated area in the study area, A long period of human use of water resources change process and its impact on the environment of the stage characteristics. The research shows that in the past 300 years, the utilization of water resources in Qitai County is divided into three characteristic phases: the period of development and utilization of Shanshui River (1767-1864); the period of comprehensive development and utilization of Shanshui River and Quanshui River (1877-1956 ); Exploitation and Utilization of Groundwater (1956-). The environmental response to the change of water resources utilization was as follows: the reed lake disappeared in the northern plains in the late 19th century; the river was cut off in the lower reaches of the river in the late 1970s; the Karez well was abandoned; the marsh lake in the plains narrowed sharply; in the 1990s, Abandoned; groundwater level decreased, causing the decline of surface vegetation and land desertification.