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美国矿业局进行了试验室规模的研究，以便确定美国的含铁锰资源经还原生产能满足钢铁合金化用锰铁所要求的还原程度。本文评价了这类资源熔炼前预还原以代替直接熔炼的可行性，作为美国矿业局经济而有效地从美国资源中回收有价金属方针的一部分，对５个矿床的含铁氧化锰原料，用低费用和低品级含碳还原剂在６００～１０５０℃温度范围内经３０～９０ｍｉｎ进行了还原。结果表明，使用廉价锻造煤在７５０℃对硅含量不高的样品能使９５％以上的四价和三价锰还原为二阶锰（电弧炉生产锰铁对炉料的标准要求）。
The United States Department of Mines conducted a laboratory-scale study to determine the extent to which reductions in the production of iron-bearing manganese resources in the United States required for the alloying of ferromanganese with the reduced production of ferromanganese. This paper assesses the feasibility of pre-reduction of such resources prior to smelting in lieu of direct smelting. As part of the United States Department of Mines strategy to economically and effectively recover valuable metal from U.S. resources, Low-cost and low-grade carbon-containing reductant in the 600 ~ 1050 ℃ temperature range after 30 ~ 90min was reduced. The results show that the use of low-cost forged coal at 750 ℃ for samples with low silicon content can reduce more than 95% of tetravalent and trivalent manganese to second-order manganese (the standard requirement of furnace for producing ferromanganese from arc furnace).