一、引言水稻是一种高产、质优、经济价值高的粮食作物,又是一种需水量大的作物,主要分布在长江流域以南降雨量多的地区。新中国建立后,北京水稻生产虽然有很大的发展,但由于降水量小、年变幅大、产量高而不稳,特别是随着国家经济建设的发展,工农业生产与城市生活用水量的增加、水资源不足的问题严重限制着北方水稻生产。水稻 I. INTRODUCTION Rice is a high-yield, high-quality and high-value food crop. It is also a crop with large water demand and is mainly distributed in areas with heavy rainfall south of the Yangtze River. After the founding of new China, although there has been a great development in the rice production in Beijing, due to the small amount of precipitation, the large annual variation and the high and unstable output, especially with the development of national economic construction, industrial and agricultural production and urban domestic water consumption The problem of insufficient water resources severely limits the northern rice production. Rice