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水稻穗腐病(rice spikelet rot disease,RSRD)是由多种病原菌引起的复合性病害,近年来上升成为影响水稻产量和品质的一种重要穗部病害。对安徽省穗腐病危害分布进行调查,采集病样分离病原物并进行形态学和分子鉴定,研究了其生物学特性。结果表明,引起水稻穗腐病的病原菌主要有4种,分别为层出镰刀菌(Fusarium proliferates)、新月弯孢菌(Cartularies lunatics)、稻黑孢菌(Nigrospora oryzae)和细交链格孢菌(Alternaria tenuis),其致死温度分别为60、59、59和60℃(10 min);菌丝生长温度均为10~35℃(最适20~30℃),pH值为5~9(最适7);孢子萌发温度均为5~45℃(最适25~35℃),pH值为4~8(最适7);最适碳源为葡萄糖和淀粉,最适氮源为硝酸钾、尿素和脯氨酸。在长江流域和淮河流域水稻种植区,主要病原菌种类分布存在差异。
Rice spikelet rot disease (RSRD) is a complex disease caused by many pathogenic bacteria. In recent years, it has risen to become an important panicle disease affecting rice yield and quality. The distribution of panicle rot disease in Anhui Province was investigated. Pathogenic samples were collected and pathomorphologically and molecularly identified. Their biological characteristics were studied. The results showed that there were four main pathogens causing ear rot in rice, which were Fusarium proliferates, Cartularies lunatics, Nigrospora oryzae and Alternaria alternata The lethal temperature of Alternaria tenuis was 60, 59, 59 and 60 ℃ (10 min) respectively. The mycelial growth temperature was 10 ~ 35 ℃ (optimum temperature was 20 ~ 30 ℃) and the pH value was 5 ~ 9 The optimal temperature was 5 ~ 45 ℃ (optimum temperature was 25 ~ 35 ℃) and pH value was 4 ~ 8 (optimum 7). The optimal carbon source was glucose and starch, and the optimum nitrogen source was nitric acid Potassium, urea and proline. There are differences in the distribution of the major pathogenic bacteria in the rice planting areas in the Yangtze River and Huaihe River basins.