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目的了解新疆南疆地区6~12岁儿童棘球蚴病患病情况,为制定相关防治策略提供科学依据。方法2012年8月-2013年9月采取整群分层抽样方法对新疆南疆5地(州)42个县(市)按照牧区、半农牧区、农区和城镇每层各抽取1所小学,在家长知情同意的情况下,对抽样小学的所有儿童(6~12岁)进行腹部B型超声检查和采集静脉血(5 ml),用ELISA检测棘球蚴病血清Ig G抗体水平。分析该年龄段儿童的棘球蚴病的患病和血清抗体阳性情况。结果共调查168所小学80 429名儿童。B超检查结果显示,棘球蚴病患病者9例,患病率为0.01%;分布在克州3例、阿克苏地区2例、巴州2例、喀什地区2例。ELISA检测结果显示,血清抗体阳性者4 189例,阳性率为5.21%,其中喀什地区儿童血清抗体阳性率最高,为8.41%(2 143/25 495),阿克苏地区次之(5.69%,913/16 051),不同地区(州)之间的差异有统计学意义(χ~2=977.303,P<0.01);6岁组血清抗体阳性率最低,为2.13%(44/2 065);11岁组最高,为5.68%(822/14 462),各年龄组之间的差异有统计学意义(χ~2=48.221,P<0.01);调查儿童涉及28个民族,血清抗体阳性率以维吾尔族儿童最高,为5.19%(3 899/75 115),蒙古族的次之(4.27%,68/1 592),不同民族间的差异无统计学意义(χ~2=4.072,P>0.05)。生活方式以定居、游牧、冬季定居夏季游牧为主,定居儿童患病7例,冬季定居夏季游牧儿童患病2例;血清抗体阳性率分别为5.45%(4 184/77 512)、2.97%(3/101)、0.07%(2/2 816),三者差异有统计学意义(χ~2=148.609,P<0.01)。结论新疆南疆地区6~12岁儿童棘球蚴病患病率较低,血清抗体阳性率在喀什地区、维吾尔族、定居儿童中较高。
Objective To understand the prevalence of echinococcosis in children aged 6 ~ 12 years in southern Xinjiang and to provide a scientific basis for the development of related control strategies. Methods From August 2012 to September 2013, a cluster stratified sampling method was adopted to select 42 sites (cities) in 5 places (or prefectures) in southern Xinjiang in accordance with the pastoral areas, semi-agricultural pastoral areas, rural areas and urban areas In the primary school, all children (6-12 years old) in the sampled primary school underwent abdominal B-type ultrasonography and venous blood collection (5 ml) with the informed consent of the parents. Serum Ig G antibody levels of the hydatidosis were detected by ELISA. Analysis of age-related echinococcosis in children and the prevalence of serum antibodies. Results A total of 80 429 children were investigated in 168 primary schools. B-ultrasound results showed that there were 9 cases of hydatid disease with the prevalence of 0.01%. There were 3 cases in Kezhou, 2 cases in Aksu, 2 cases in Bazhou and 2 cases in Kashgar. The results of ELISA showed that the positive rate of serum antibody in 4 189 cases was 5.21%, of which the highest positive rate was 8.41% (2 143/25 495) in Kashgar region, followed by Aksu (5.69%, 913 / 16 051). There was a significant difference between different regions (χ ~ 2 = 977.303, P <0.01). The lowest positive rate of serum antibody was 6% (2.13%, 44/2 065) The highest positive rate was 5.68% (822/14 462). There was significant difference among all age groups (χ ~ 2 = 48.221, P <0.01). There were 28 ethnic groups involved in the survey. The positive rate of serum antibody was Uygur The highest rate of children was 5.19% (3 899/75 115), followed by Mongolian people (4.27%, 68/1 592). There was no significant difference among different ethnic groups (χ ~ 2 = 4.072, P> 0.05). There were 7 settlements and 2 nomadic children in winter. The positive rate of serum antibody was 5.45% (4 184/77 512) and 2.97% (respectively) 3/101) and 0.07% (2/2 816) respectively. There was significant difference among them (χ ~ 2 = 148.609, P <0.01). Conclusions The prevalence of hydatid disease is low in children aged 6 ~ 12 years in southern Xinjiang, and the positive rate of serum antibody is higher in Kashgar, Uygur and settlement children.