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该文综述了海洋有害赤潮治理的生物方法。细菌、寄生虫和病毒等微型生物是天然水体中具有调节藻类种群动态平衡的重要潜在因子,它们的繁殖速度非常快,并具有宿主的专一性,是一种非常有潜质的赤潮调控因子。根据生态系统中的食物链关系,通过引入赤潮生物的天敌来防治赤潮也是一种治理方法。浮游动物和一些滤食性的贝类在水体中与赤潮生物共存,并能以这些赤潮生物为食,是具有明显赤潮治理功效的生物控制剂。另一方面,利用大型海藻与微藻间的相生相克和营养竞争等作用在养殖区域内进行赤潮的防控被认为具有较强的理论和实践意义。该文详细介绍了上述方法的原理、可行性以及局限性,并就今后的研究方向进行了展望。
This article summarizes the biological approaches to the management of harmful red tides in the oceans. Microorganisms such as bacteria, parasites and viruses are important potential factors that regulate the dynamic balance of algae population in natural water. They reproduce very fast and have host specificity, which is a very promising red tide regulation factor. According to the food chain in the ecosystem, the introduction of the natural enemies of red tide organisms to control red tide is also a way of governance. Zooplankton and some filter-feeding shellfish coexist with red tide organisms in the water and can feed on these red tide creatures, which are biological control agents with obvious red tide-controlling effects. On the other hand, it is considered that it is of great theoretical and practical significance to control the occurrence of red tide in the aquaculture area by using the interaction between macroalgae and microalgae and the competition of nutrition. This paper introduces the principle, feasibility and limitations of the above method in detail and gives a prospect of future research directions.