目的分析急性乙型肝炎（ＡＨＢ）和慢性乙型肝炎（ＣＨＢ）患者血清中有生物活性的ＴＧＦβ１蛋白水平和ＨＢＸ蛋白阳性率．方法ＡＨＢ和ＣＨＢ患者各２４例，用Ｐｒｏｍｅｇａ免疫分析试剂盒检测血清中ＴＧＦβ１浓度，并用自产的抗ＨＢＸ单克隆抗体ＥＬＩＳＡ检测血清中ＨＢＸ蛋白的存在．结果ＡＨＢ组和ＣＨＢ组的ＴＧＦβ１水平（μｇ／Ｌ）分别为２３６±７７和１９７±８９，均明显高于对照组８０±３４，Ｐ＜００１），但两组之间区别不大．血清中ＨＢＸ阳性率ＡＨＢ组为２５０％，ＣＨＢ组达５００％，ＨＢＸ阳性的慢性肝炎患者１５例中有１０例（８３％）ＴＧＦβ１血清水平高于中位值．结论ＡＨＢ和ＣＨＢ患者血清中ＴＧＦβ１水平明显升高，ＣＨＢ组有半数患者血清呈ＨＢＸ蛋白阳性，而这些ＨＢＸ阳性患者中８３％显示有较高的ＴＧＦβ１血清水平 Objective To analyze the serum levels of TGFβ1 protein and HBX protein in serum of patients with acute hepatitis B (AHB) and chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Methods Twenty-four patients with AHB and CHB were enrolled in this study. Promega immunoassay kit was used to detect the serum TGFβ1 concentration. HBx protein was detected by ELISA in a self-made anti-HBX monoclonal antibody ELISA. Results TGFβ1 levels (μg / L) in AHB group and CHB group were 236 ± 77 and 197 ± 89, respectively, which were significantly higher than those in control group  8 ± 04 P <0 01), but not much difference between the two groups. Serum HBX positive rate was 250% in AHB group and 500% in CHB group. Serum levels of TGFβ1 in 10 (83%) of 15 HBx-positive chronic hepatitis patients were higher than the median. Conclusions Serum levels of TGFβ1 are significantly elevated in patients with AHB and CHB, and HBX protein is present in serum in half of CHB patients, whereas 83% of these HBX-positive patients have a higher TGFβ1 serum level