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前言自从焊接用于舰船建造之后,存在一个较普遍、危险的缺陷,就是焊接裂缝。尤其是焊接高强合金钢的舰体时,更为突出。实践证明,在焊接舰体时,如果不采取一系列有效措施,就无法生产下去,既使勉强将舰艇生产出来送去服役,却在舰体结构内部留下发生破损事故的隐患。这种教训,在第二次世界大战中屡见不鲜。如美帝当时建造4694艘“自由轮”、“胜利轮”,在航行时总共产生裂缝4720条,发生事故的970艘,其中严重事故的127艘,甲板完全折断、沉没的12艘。造成事故的具体原因:因焊缝热影响区金属硬化形成裂源的占10％;因焊缝咬边、夹渣、未焊透等缺陷形成裂源的占40％;因船体结构不光顺、连续形成裂源的占30％。
Foreword Since welding has been used to build ships, there has been a more common and dangerous flaw in welding cracks. Especially when welding hull of high strength alloy steel, it is more outstanding. Practice has proved that in the welding of the hull, if you do not take a series of effective measures, it will not be able to continue production, even if the ship was forced to send out to serve, but left in the hull structure within the risk of damage accidents. This lesson was not uncommon in World War II. For example, when the U.S. Emperor built 4,694 “Free Wheel” and “Victory Wheel” at the time, a total of 4,720 cracks and 970 accidents occurred during the voyage. Of these, 127 were serious accidents, and the deck was completely broken and 12 sunk. The specific cause of the accident: heat affected zone due to weld metal hardening cracks formed 10%; due to weld undercut, slag inclusions, impermeable defects such as the formation of cracks accounted for 40%; due to the hull structure is not smooth, 30% of the continuous formation of rifts.