为了解老年患者呼吸道常见致病菌及其耐药性，本文采用１７种抗菌药纸片，Ｋ—Ｂ琼脂扩散法对１９９６年１～１２月武汉地区１３所大中型医院６０岁以上住院患者从痰中分离出６００株细菌进行耐药性监测，结果显示１２４株（２０６６％）为革兰阳性球菌，４７６株（７９３３％）为革兰阴性杆菌。金葡菌中４６９１％（３８／８１）耐苯唑西林，且呈多重耐药，对８０％抗菌素耐药。对亚胺配南、万古霉素均敏感。革兰阴性杆菌中检出绿脓杆菌１４９株（３１３０％）对亚胺配南、环丙沙星、头孢他啶、阿米卡星耐药率在１０％以下。检出克雷伯菌属１２２株（２５６３％），除对氨苄西林耐药率在８０％以上，余下１６种抗生素耐药率均在２０％以下。１７种抗菌药物对６００株革兰阳性球菌及革兰阴性杆菌抗菌活性最强者依次为亚胺配南、阿米卡星、环丙沙星、头孢他啶 In order to understand the common pathogenic bacteria and drug resistance of respiratory tract in elderly patients, 17 kinds of antibacterial drugs and K-B agar diffusion method were used in this study. From January to December 1996, inpatients over 60 years of age in 13 large and medium-sized hospitals in Wuhan 600 bacteria were isolated from sputum for drug resistance monitoring. The results showed that 124 strains (20.66%) were gram-positive cocci and 476 strains (7933%) were gram-negative bacilli. Staphylococcus aureus in 46  91% (38/81) resistant to oxacillin, and was multi-drug resistance, resistant to 80% of the antibiotics. With imine with South, vancomycin are sensitive. 149 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (3130%) were detected in Gram-negative bacilli. The resistance rate to imipenem, ciprofloxacin, ceftazidime and amikacin was below 10%. 122 strains of Klebsiella (2563%) were detected. The rate of resistance to ampicillin was over 80%, and the remaining 16 kinds of antibiotics were below 20%. The antibacterial activity of 17 kinds of antibacterials against 600 Gram-positive cocci and Gram-negative bacilli were imipenem, amikacin, ciprofloxacin, ceftazidime