河上肇是日本早期著名的马克思主义经济学家、哲学家,在鲁迅日记的书账中,记录有河上肇的三本马克思主义理论著作。河上肇的著作,不仅在日本,对中国的革命者也曾产生巨大的影响。鲁迅在研究和接受马克思主义理论的过程中,是否也曾受到他的学说的影响?在何种程度上受到他的影响?本文拟就此做一点初步的探寻。综观河上肇的一生,他最有影响力的时期当是他研究社会问题与马克思主义的那一段时期,鲁迅关注的也正是他的马克思主义理论著作。河上肇于1879年出生于山口县,早年以写作关于社会问题的经济学论著而闻名。1905年,河上肇在《读卖新闻》上连载《社会主义评论》,以其见解独特、文笔畅达泼辣,引起社会极大关注,因 Kawakami is a well-known early Marxist economist and philosopher in Japan, in which he wrote three books of Marxist theory written by Mr. Nakasuga Zao. His works on the river, not only in Japan, have also had a huge impact on Chinese revolutionaries. In the process of studying and accepting the theory of Marxism, has Lu Xun been affected by his theory? To what extent is his influence? This article is intended to do some preliminary exploration. Looking at Kawakami’s lifetime, his most influential period was his period of studying social problems and Marxism, and Lu Xun’s concern was precisely his theoretical work on Marxism. Kawashima was born in Yamaguchi in 1879 and was well known for his early years in writing economics treatises on social issues. In 1905, Kawakami succeeded in serializing the “Socialist Review” on the “Yomiuri Shimbun,” which attracted great social concern because of its unique viewpoints and its penetrating writing style.