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系统地阐述了碳酸盐岩缝合线的成因、类型、物质组成与成岩作用及其对碳酸盐岩地层厚度恢复、油气输导、储集和生排烃作用等方面影响的研究现状。认为缝合线的空间分布特征、类型与成因研究比较成熟,并明确了缝合线主要是应力与溶解作用的结果。缝合线主要由难溶的黏土矿物、石英、固体有机质、沥青以及次生的黄铁矿、方解石等组成,其形成导致了碳酸盐岩原始地层厚度的减小。次生改造作用使得缝合线对碳酸盐岩储集层油气聚集与输导具有重要作用。低有机质丰度背景上富含有机质的缝合线对于生排烃具有重要意义,但研究程度远远不够。碳酸盐岩缝合线对油气输导、储集的作用以及有机质富集特征与生排烃机理是今后应加强研究的重要领域。
This paper systematically expounds the research status, types, composition and diagenesis of carbonate suture, and its research status on the recovery of thickness of carbonate stratum, oil and gas transport, reservoir and hydrocarbon generation and expulsion. That the spatial distribution of sutures, types and causes of research is relatively mature, and clear suture is the result of stress and dissolution. Sutures consist mainly of insoluble clay minerals, quartz, solid organic matter, bitumen, and secondary pyrite, calcite, etc., which lead to a decrease in the thickness of the original carbonate formation. Secondary remodeling makes sutures play an important role in hydrocarbon accumulation and transport in carbonate reservoirs. Organic matter-rich sutures on low organic matter abundance are important for hydrocarbon generation and expulsion, but the degree of research is far from enough. The role of carbonate suture in oil and gas transport and accumulation, as well as organic matter enrichment characteristics and hydrocarbon generation and expulsion mechanism, are important fields to be strengthened in the future.