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目的分析东莞市近年来狂犬病的流行特征及其影响因素,为预防控制狂犬病疫情提供科学依据。方法收集东莞市2002-2009年疫情报告和狂犬病个案资料,采用描述性流行病学方法进行分析。结果 2002-2009年全市共报告114例狂犬病,年平均发病率为0.21/10万,疫情呈先升高后回降的趋势。以夏秋季发病较多,占病例总数的65.79%。周边镇街的暴露率要比中心城区高。伤人动物以犬为主,占90.4%,男女暴露数性别比为3.56:1,男性多于女性。114例病例中,只有3例伤口由医生规范处理,占2.63%。结论政府对狂犬病的重视使东莞市自2006年后发病率呈下降趋势。但暴露后伤口未及时处理以及疫苗接种率低仍是引发疫情的重要原因,因此必须加大健康教育力度,才能有效降低发病率。
Objective To analyze the prevalence and influencing factors of rabies in Dongguan City in recent years and provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of rabies epidemic. Methods The data of epidemic situation and rabies from 2002 to 2009 in Dongguan were collected and analyzed by descriptive epidemiological method. Results A total of 114 cases of rabies were reported in the city from 2002 to 2009, with an average annual incidence rate of 0.21 / 100000. The epidemic situation first increased and then decreased. More incidence in summer and autumn, accounting for 65.79% of the total number of cases. Surrounding town street exposure rate higher than downtown. The predators were mainly canines, accounting for 90.4% of the total. The sex ratio of men to women was 3.56: 1, more men than women. Among 114 cases, only 3 cases were treated by doctors, accounting for 2.63%. Conclusions The government’s emphasis on rabies causes the incidence of Dongguan City to decline after 2006. However, post-exposure wounds are not timely treatment and vaccination rate is still an important cause of the outbreak, it is necessary to increase health education, in order to effectively reduce the incidence.