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目的探讨超重/肥胖孕妇膳食摄入量情况,妊娠并发症,妊娠结局的特点,为超重/肥胖孕妇妊娠保健工作提供理论依据。方法回顾性分析从2014年10月—2016年2月在新疆乌鲁木齐市某家医院分娩并具有完整产科资料的230例单胎初产妇,按孕前体质指数(BMI)分为体重正常组(18≤BMI<24)130例、超重/肥胖组(BMI≥24)100例;采用食物频率法和24 h膳食回顾法详细记录2组孕妇在孕32周~分娩期间(孕晚期)任意1天所摄入的各种食物品种及数量。数据用营养计算器软件进行分析和评价,最后对2组孕妇妊娠结局进行比较。结果 2组孕妇身高,分娩孕周差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但2组孕妇年龄,孕前体重,孕期增重差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);超重/肥胖组孕妇每日膳食摄入量中能量、蛋白质、脂肪、膳食纤维、叶酸、锌等摄入量均高于体重正常组摄入量,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。超重/肥胖组妊娠期糖尿病、剖宫产、巨大儿发生率明显高于体重正常组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论孕前保持正常体重,进一步加强对孕妇的营养教育,定期监测孕妇体重增长情况是保障良好妊娠结局的重要措施。
Objective To investigate the characteristics of dietary intake, pregnancy complications and pregnancy outcome in overweight / obese pregnant women and provide theoretical basis for the health care of overweight / obese pregnant women. Methods A retrospective analysis of 230 singletonic primiparous women with complete obstetric data from a hospital in Urumqi, Xinjiang from October 2014 to February 2016 was divided into normal weight group (18≤ 130 cases of BMI <24) and 100 cases of overweight / obesity group (BMI≥24). The frequency of food intake and the 24-hour diet recall method were used to record 2 groups of pregnant women in any one day during the period from 32 weeks of gestation to delivery (the third trimester of pregnancy) Into a variety of food varieties and quantities. The data were analyzed and evaluated using nutrition calculator software, and finally the pregnancy outcomes of the two groups of pregnant women were compared. Results There was no significant difference in height and delivery gestational age between the two groups (P> 0.05), but there were significant differences in the age, body weight before pregnancy and weight gain between the two groups (P <0.05) Daily dietary intake of energy, protein, fat, dietary fiber, folic acid, zinc and other intake were higher than normal body weight intake, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). The incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus, cesarean section and macrosomia in overweight / obesity group was significantly higher than that in normal weight group (P <0.05). Conclusion It is an important measure to ensure a good pregnancy outcome by maintaining normal body weight before pregnancy and further strengthening nutrition education for pregnant women. Regular monitoring of weight gain in pregnant women is an important measure.