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香港的政制发展,包括特区行政首长及立法会议员的选举,本来早经基本法明确规定,正在按照香港的实际情况,朝着普选目标循序渐进地进行。现在有一种说法,执意把《公民权利和政治权利国际公约》(以下简称人权公约)第25条b项说成是香港普选的法律根据,强调必须以该项规定来约束、规范香港的普选,言之凿凿,貌似有理。那么,公约第25条b项到底是否具有在香港适用的法律效力呢?如何看待香港普选同第25条b项的关系呢?事关重大,不可不察。本文试图从国际法层面对这一问题予以阐释和澄清。
The constitutional development in Hong Kong, including the election of the chief executive of the SAR and the members of the Legislative Council, as early as specified in the Basic Law, is proceeding in a gradual and orderly manner towards the goal of universal suffrage according to the actual situation in Hong Kong. There is now an argument that states that Article 25 (b) of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (hereinafter referred to as the “Covenant on Human Rights”) is determined to be the legal basis for universal suffrage in Hong Kong. It emphasizes the need to constrain this by regulating the universal suffrage of Hong Kong, In a nutshell, seemingly reasonable. Then, whether Article 25 (b) of the Convention has legal validity in Hong Kong and how it treats the relationship between Hong Kong universal suffrage and Article 25 (b)? It is of great importance and can not be ignored. This article attempts to explain and clarify this issue from the perspective of international law.