目的　研究汉语皮层性失语的神经语言学特点及发病机制。方法　采用ABC法及补充语法检查对 67例脑血管病致皮层单灶性损害患者进行神经语言学检查 ,并行头颅CT图像标准化及脑电地形图检查。结果　运动性失语 (BA)病损范围大于Broca区 ,经皮层运动性失语 (TCMA)少数也有Broca区部分受损。感觉性失语病灶范围差异较大。经皮层混合性失语 (TMA)病灶介于TCMA及经皮层感觉性失语 (TCSA)之间。BA及TCMA均有音位及声调障碍 ,功能词完成差 ,实质词正常 ,主动句正常 ,被动句理解障碍 ;感觉性失语 (WA)及TCSA音位声调正常 ,功能词正常 ,实质词完成极差 ,尤以同义词较多的名词提取障碍 ,主动句及被动句理解均障碍。结论　各型失语病灶有其结构及功能定位 ,可指导临床医生进行定位诊断 ;各型失语神经语言学特点不同 ,应作为针对性制定康复计划的客观依据 Objective To study the neuro-linguistic features and pathogenesis of Chinese cortical aphasia. Methods ABC method and grammatical examination were used to examine neuropsychological tests in 67 patients with cortical lesions caused by cerebrovascular disease. CT images were normalized and EEG was performed. Results The range of motor aphasia (BA) lesions was greater than that of Broca area, and some of the TCAs were also partially damaged in Broca area. Sensory aphasia lesions vary widely. Transcortical mixed aphasia (TMA) is between TCMA and transthoracic sensoric aphasia (TCSA). BA and TCMA have phonemes and tonal disorders, functional words are poorly completed, the motif is normal, the active sentence is normal, and the passive sentences understand the obstacles; sensory aphasias (WA) and TCSA have normal tonal phonemes, functional words are normal, Poor, especially in terms of more synonyms to extract obstacles, active sentences and passive sentences are obstacles to understanding. Conclusion All kinds of aphasia lesions have their structure and function orientation, which can guide clinicians to locate and diagnose. Various types of aphasia nerves have different linguistic features and should be used as the objective basis for formulating the rehabilitation plan