一、沙俄直接经营的东省铁路和南满支路1894年甲午战争爆发,昏庸落后的清政府被新兴的日本打得一败涂地,充分暴露了它在外国侵略者面前毫无抵抗的能力。这时候,各主要资本主义国家已经发展到帝国主义阶段。它们本想乘机瓜分中国,但因中国人民的英勇反抗和它们相互间的矛盾,没有敢于采取公开瓜分的方式,而是采取“……象贼那样偷偷模模进行 I. The Eastern Province Railway and the South Manchurian Road Directly Operated by Tsarist Russia In the wake of the Sino-Japanese War of 1894, the stubborn Qing government was defeated by the emerging Japan and fully exposed its ability to resist without any resistance to foreign aggressors. At this time, the major capitalist countries have already developed into the imperialist phase. They wanted to take the opportunity to divide China, but because of the heroic resistance of the Chinese people and their mutual contradictions, they did not dare to adopt an open method of partitioning, but instead took "... a secret mode