管理学在近现代有两个主要流派:即以“经济人”为思想基础的数量学派,和以“社会人”为理论依据的行为学派.定额管理和目标管理是在这两种不同思想背景下发展形成的管理方式.文章从图书馆这一客体出发,通过对两种管理思想的对比论述,阐明在图书馆实行目标管理的观点和方法. There are two main schools of management in modern times: the quantitative school based on “economic man” and the behavioral school based on the theory of “social person.” The quota management and the goal management are based on these two different ideological backgrounds Under the development of the formation of management.This article from the library as an object, through the comparison of the two management thoughts, clarify the point of view of the target management in the library and methods.