珊瑚礁,对于整个西印度洋(WIO)沿海许多社区来说是一种十分重要的资源宝库。随着持续的人口增长及伴随而来的对海洋资源的需求增长,在许多国家,珊瑚礁面临着被过度开发使用的局面——破坏性的渔猎和污染使之普遍面临困境。在这种状况下,桑络巴尔群岛几乎显示出在西印度洋的各种问题,从而为所涉及的问题提供了例证。桑给巴尔拥有广布的珊瑚礁,被不断增长的沿海人口作为资源宝库。同时,城市范围的扩大以及海岸旅游业的发展意味着珊瑚礁面临着历史上从未有过的压力:要提供更多的资源。与此同时,珊瑚礁也在接受着因人口激增而产生的更多污染物以及遭受着一系列的物理损坏。一般而言,尽管有开阔的区域正与某些城市地区和旅游高负载地区毗邻,桑给巴尔的珊瑚礁还处在相对较好的状况下。对桑给巴尔珊瑚礁的主要人类威胁包括:过度开发、破坏性活动(捕鱼和抛锚的破坏)和污染。有现象表明,过度捕捞主要物种可能会导致某些经济物种减少,以及一些礁区底栖群落的生态环境变迁。作为一个经常出现的区域性问题,历史资料缺乏限制了解决这些因素的实际影响的尝试。针对当地出现的问题,在桑给巴尔已经采取了一些行动以解决专门与珊瑚礁有关的题目,并且,在更大的区域基础上,这里讨论了这些题目。一些讨论的重点也集中在基本问题上,如对桑给巴尔珊瑚礁可持续性管理的不利因素,以及在西印度洋其它地区这些问题是如何处理的。 Coral reefs are a tremendously important treasure trove of resources for many communities along the entire West Indian Ocean (WIO). With continued population growth and attendant increased demand for marine resources, coral reefs are in over-exploited conditions in many countries - disruptive fishing, hunting and pollution make them generally dilemma. In this situation, the islands of San Lomé show almost all kinds of problems in the western Indian Ocean, thus providing an illustration of the issues involved. Zanzibar has widespread coral reefs and is being used as a resource by a growing coastal population. At the same time, the expansion of urban areas and the development of coastal tourism mean that coral reefs are under unprecedented pressure to provide more resources. In the meantime, coral reefs are also receiving more pollutants as a result of the surging population and suffering a series of physical damage. In general, coral reefs in Zanzibar are in relatively good condition despite the fact that open areas are being bordered by some urban areas and high tourist areas. The main human threats to the reefs in Zanzibar include over-exploitation, destructive activities (fishing and broken anchors) and pollution. There are phenomena that indicate that over-fishing of major species may result in the reduction of certain economic species and the ecological environment of benthic communities in some reef areas. As a recurring regional issue, the lack of historical data has limited attempts to address the real impact of these factors. In response to local problems, some action has been taken in Zanzibar to address the issues specific to coral reefs and these issues are discussed here on a larger regional basis. Some discussions have also focused on basic issues such as the negative aspects of the sustainability management of coral reefs in Zanzibar and how these issues are addressed in the rest of the Western Indian Ocean.