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目的探讨间歇性低氧对大鼠学习记忆功能、海马区形态学影响及大株红景天的治疗作用。方法筛选27只成年Wistar雄性大鼠,采用随机数字法,分为空白对照组(UC组)、间歇低氧组(IH组)及红景天组;每组又分为2、4、6 w 3个时间亚组,分别记录各组Morris水迷宫行为学实验大鼠逃避潜伏期及跨越目标象限时间;测试后,各组立即颈椎脱臼处死,取海马区切片,光镜观察海马CA1区神经细胞形态变化。结果 (1)Morris水迷宫实验结果:与UC组比较,IH组从第2周开始,随低氧时间延长,逃避潜伏期明显延长、穿越平台次数明显减少(P<0.05)。与IH组比,红景天组逃避潜伏期明显缩短而穿越平台次数增多(P<0.05)。(2)形态学检测结果:光镜下,UC组海马区神经元结构完整,排列整齐,染色均匀。IH组海马CA1区出现变性坏死神经元,表现为神经细胞胞体收缩呈三角形,胞质嗜色性减弱,核皱缩浓染,核溶解及空泡样变。给予大株红景天灌胃后28 d观察第6周时海马区神经元较IH组结构规整、排列整齐、染色均匀,但仍较UC组差。结论大株红景天可以改善间歇性缺氧造成的海马区受损,提高学习记忆功能。
Objective To investigate the effect of intermittent hypoxia on learning and memory, morphology of hippocampus and the therapeutic effect of Rhodiola rosea in rats. Methods Seventy-two adult Wistar male rats were screened by random number method and divided into blank control group (UC group), intermittent hypoxia group (IH group) and Rhodiola rosea group. Each group was divided into 2, 4, 6 w Three time subgroups were recorded, respectively. Morris water maze behavioral test rats in each group escape latency and across the target quadrant time; after the test, immediately after cervical dislocation of each group, hippocampal slices were taken, and the morphology of neurons in hippocampal CA1 area Variety. Results (1) The results of Morris water maze test: Compared with UC group, the IH group started to extend from hypoxia to prolongation of hypoxia time, significantly prolonged the escape latency and significantly decreased the number of crossing platform (P <0.05). Compared with IH group, Rhodiola group evidently shortened the escape latency and increased the number of platforms (P <0.05). (2) Morphological test results: Under the light microscope, the neurons in the hippocampus of UC group were well-structured and arranged neatly and evenly. The hippocampal CA1 area of IH group showed degenerative and necrotic neurons. The neurons showed a triangular cell shrinkage, decreased cytoplasmic colorimetric, nuclear condensation, nuclear lysis and vacuolar degeneration. After giving gavage to Rhodiola rosea for 28 d, the neurons in hippocampus were more regular and neatly arranged than those in IH group. Conclusion Rhodiola rosea can improve the damage of hippocampus caused by intermittent hypoxia and improve learning and memory.