社会主义社会个人消费品实行按劳分配,而按劳分配的“劳”字是指什么呢?现在理论界一般都认为是劳动的数量和质量,即根据劳动者向社会提供的劳动的数量和质量来分配个人消费品。这种观点的理论根据主要是马克思在《哥达纲领批判》中的论述。现在我们来看一看马克思是怎样论述按劳分配的。马克思根据资本主义自由竞争时期经济发展比较均衡的情况,提出社会主义首先在各主要资本主义国家同时取得胜利而建立起来的社会主义,是社会直接占有生产资料,劳动者的劳动直接表现为社会劳动,而不再表现为价值,因而,商品生产和商品交换已经消失。他说:“在一个集体的、以共同占有生产资料为基础的社会里,生产者并不交换自己的产品;耗费在产品生产上的劳动,在这里也不表现为这些产品 What is meant by “labor” in the distribution of individual goods according to work and distribution according to work? The theoretical circles are generally regarded as the quantity and quality of labor, that is, according to the quantity and quality of labor provided to the society by workers To distribute personal consumer goods. The theoretical basis of this point of view is mainly discussed in Marx’s Critique of the Gotha Program. Now let us see how Marx discussed the distribution according to his work. According to the relatively balanced economic development during the period of free competition of capitalism, Marx proposed that socialism, which was first established by triumphantly winning major capitalist countries, was the direct possession of means of production by society. The labor of laborers was directly manifested as social labor , No longer manifest as value, and therefore the production of goods and the exchange of commodities have disappeared. He said: "In a collective society based on the mutual possession of means of production, producers do not exchange their own products; the labor expended on the production of products does not appear here as these products