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目的为了评价新生儿和儿童乙肝病毒（ＨＢＶ）和丙肝病毒（ＨＣＶ）感染的现状以及防治水平，为预防儿童病毒性肝炎，提高儿童保健水平提供参考依据。方法对住院分娩新生儿及非肝病儿童随机抽查１９９５例血清乙肝病毒标志物（ＨＢＶＭ）和抗－ＨＣＶ。结果发现产妇感染ＨＢＶ并有活动性病毒复制（ＨＢｅＡｇ阳性）者致胎儿宫内感染的危险性最大；５例“大三阳”产妇所生婴儿４例（８０％）ＨＢｓＡｇ阳性。３例父亲和２例婴儿ＨＢｓＡｇ阳性者测得２例父亲和１例婴儿ＨＢＶ－ＤＮＡ阳性。儿童ＨＢＶ感染率达２４．１％，ＨＢｓＡｇ阳性率随年龄增大而增高，抗－ＨＢｓ阳性率较低；儿童乙肝极易形成慢性化，病情逐渐加重。儿童抗－ＨＣＶ阳性率为１．５％。结论预防病毒性肝炎要从孕妇筛查和预防做起，父亲也是不可忽视的传染源。儿童应及时接种乙肝疫苗，且３～５年后要强化注射。
Objective To evaluate the current status of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in neonates and children and the level of prevention and treatment, and to provide a reference for preventing childhood hepatitis and improving children’s health care. Methods A total of 1995 cases of hepatitis B virus markers (HBVM) and anti-HCV were randomly selected from newborns and non-hepatitic children in hospital delivery. The results showed that maternal infection with HBV and active viral replication (HBeAg positive) caused the highest risk of intrauterine infection; 4 cases of “Big Three positive” mothers born in 4 (80%) HBsAg positive. HBV DNA positive was detected in 2 fathers and 1 infant in 3 fathers and 2 infants with positive HBsAg. HBV infection rate of children reached 24.1%, HBsAg positive rate increased with age, anti-HBs positive rate is low; children with chronic hepatitis B can easily form, the disease gradually aggravated. Children anti-HCV positive rate of 1.5%. Conclusion Prevention of viral hepatitis should start with the screening and prevention of pregnant women, and fathers are also sources of infection that can not be ignored. Children should be vaccinated hepatitis B vaccine in time, and 3 to 5 years after the injection to strengthen.