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高血糖可激活细胞内的多元醇通路，引起山梨醇的蓄积，从而造成细胞水肿，摄取肌醇能力障碍，细胞Na ＋-K ＋-ATP酶活性下降，神经细胞内环境紊乱、代谢平衡破坏及神经传导速度减慢，最终导致糖尿病周围神经病变。醛糖还原酶是该通路的关键限速酶，其抑制剂可减少山梨醇的蓄积并改善神经功能。此外在导致糖尿病周围神经病变发生、发展的其他代谢通路中，多元醇通路也参与其中，可能是造成糖尿病周围神经病变的始动因素。“,”Hyperglycemia activates the intracellular polyol pathway causing accumulation of sorbitol . Increased levels of cellular sorbitol lead to cell edema,myoinositol deficiency and decreases in Na +-K +-AT-Pase activity,which results in cellular water and electrolyte imbalance and slower nerve conduction velocity, and eventually results in diabetic peripheral neuropathy .Aldose reductase is the rate-limiting enzyme of the polyol pathway and its inhibitors decrease the accumulation of sorbitol and improve nerve function .In addi-tion,polyol pathway may play an important role in the initiation of diabetic peripheral neuropathy,linking the other metabolic pathways associated with the occurrence and development of diabetic peripheral neuropathy .