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近年来哮喘的发生率和病死率在全世界范围内均有升高。上呼吸道病毒感染是哮喘发病的最主要诱因,其中鼻病毒感染与哮喘的关系更为密切。除上呼吸道感染外,在感染期间下呼吸道也存在鼻病毒RNA。呼吸道上皮细胞是鼻病毒感染的靶细胞,受病毒感染后产生致炎介质如白介素(IL)-6、IL-8、IL-11、粒-巨细胞集落刺激因子(GM-CSF)和RANTES等,导致气道炎症、嗜酸粒细胞浸润,最终出现哮喘症状。呼吸道上皮细胞产生的一氧化氮是宿主抗病毒的一个重要成分。
In recent years, the incidence of asthma and mortality in the world have increased. Upper respiratory tract infection is the most important cause of asthma, rhinovirus infection and asthma are more closely related. In addition to upper respiratory tract infections, rhinovirus RNA is also present in the lower respiratory tract during infection. Respiratory epithelial cells are the target cells of rhinovirus infection and produce inflammatory mediators such as interleukin (IL) -6, IL-8, IL-11, GM-CSF and RANTES after being infected by virus , Leading to airway inflammation, eosinophilic infiltration, and eventually asthma symptoms. Nitric oxide produced by respiratory epithelial cells is an important component of host antiviral activity.