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通过增加公共财政支出促进民族地区农民增收这一方略的实施至少有五大背景:历史背景是不断扩大的城乡居民收入差距,时代背景是不断扩大的区域差距,现实背景是严重的民族贫困,政策背景是中央对三农问题和农民增收的持续关注,特殊背景是中央对民族地区“三农问题和农民增收”的特别关注。公共财政通过改善农村医疗卫生条件、加快农村交通基础设施建设、加快农村教育发展、提升农民文化素质、促进民族地区经济发展等促进民族地区农民增收。我们还应针对民族地区存在的公共财政被“错位”使用,财政资源支配与公共产品承担不匹配,财政转移支付体系不科学、转移支付结构欠合理,财政转移规模过小、线路单一等问题,采取相应的政府措施,切实实现民族地区农民增收。
There are at least five major backgrounds in the implementation of this strategy of increasing peasant incomes in ethnic areas by increasing public expenditure on public finance: the historical background is the expanding income gap between urban and rural residents, the background of the times is an expanding regional gap, and the background is serious ethnic poverty and policy background It is the central government’s continuous concern about the issue of agriculture, rural areas and farmers and the increase of peasants ’income. The special background is the special attention paid by the Central Government to ethnic regions, “issues concerning agriculture, rural areas and farmers and peasants’ income increase.” Public finance improves incomes of peasants in ethnic areas by improving conditions in rural areas, speeding up the construction of rural transport infrastructure, accelerating the development of rural education, improving the cultural quality of peasants, and promoting the economic development in ethnic areas. We should also use “misplaced” public funds that exist in minority areas, mismatch between financial resource control and public product commitment, unscientific transfer payment system, the structure of transfer payment is not reasonable, the scale of fiscal transfer is too small, single line, etc. Issue, take the appropriate government measures to effectively increase peasant incomes in ethnic areas.