腹水的细胞学检查法用以鉴别腹水的恶性或良性起源,有高度特异性,但敏感性低;生物化学方法则很复杂,又大多数不可靠。本文报道不明原因致腹水入院者54例,男30,女24例。年龄41～82岁。均经穿刺取腹水作细胞学检查,穿刺后再按常规对疾病作出诊断,腹水和血清总胆固醇用酶比色法测定,并观察这项测定的预诊价值。结果在54例中,除2例因兼患肝硬化和恶性病略而不计外,32例患恶性病,其中29例经组织学证实;20例患良性病,其中17例肝硬化、1例急性胰腺 Ascites cytology methods are used to identify the malignant or benign origin of ascites. They are highly specific but have low sensitivity; biochemical methods are complex and most are unreliable. This article reports 54 cases of hospitalized ascites due to unexplained reasons, 30 males and 24 females. Age 41 to 82 years old. Ascites was used for puncture and cytology. After puncture, the disease was routinely diagnosed. Ascites and serum total cholesterol were measured by enzyme colorimetry and the pre-diagnosis value of this assay was observed. Results Of the 54 patients, except for 2 patients with cirrhosis and malignant disease, 32 patients were diagnosed with malignancy, of which 29 were confirmed by histology; 20 patients were diagnosed as benign disease, including 17 cases of cirrhosis and 1 case of cirrhosis. Acute pancreas