—单用利尿剂常已足够,且勿过量—心力衰竭时心房压力代偿增加以帮助维持心输出量。由于交感神经系统介导使静脉收缩血流量重新分配以及肾素—血管紧张素系统的活性化刺激盐和水的潴留。这些相同的神经内分泌机制增加了血管阻力,由这些阻力维持着血压,但同时也加重了左心室的后负荷而使心输出量下降,形成恶性循环。心房压力的增加和心输出量减少在临床上的表现为:肺和全身 - Diuretics alone are often enough, and do not overdose - atrial compensatory increase in heart failure to help maintain cardiac output. Sympathetic nervous system mediates retention of salt and water by redistribution of venous contractile blood flow and activation of the renin-angiotensin system. These same neuroendocrine mechanisms increase vascular resistance, which maintains blood pressure, but also aggravates the postload of the left ventricle and decreases cardiac output, creating a vicious cycle. Atrial pressure increases and cardiac output reduction in clinical manifestations: the lungs and the whole body