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黑龙江省西南部地区,是典型的碳酸盐黑土半干旱农业区。该区降水量年内季节分配不均,80%以上集中于夏季,冬春两季不足全年降水量的15%。0~20cm耕层土壤含水量,随相应时期降水量多少而呈增减变化。生长季节出现干旱、半干旱年的机率为69.0%,5~6月出现干旱,半干旱年的机率在80%以上。因此,春旱严重地威胁着农业生产,平均每年因干旱成灾面积约为61.4万ha,占该类型区播种面积的35%以上。根据1983~1987年立题研究结果和生产实践,大体形成了“平翻保墒”、“垄翻补墒”、“耙茬少耕”和“地膜覆盖”等为中心的几种蓄水保墒高产综合技术措施,提高了自然降水的利用率,为该区农业持续稳定发展发挥了积极作用。
Heilongjiang Province in the southwestern region, is a typical carbonate black soil semi-arid agricultural zone. The precipitation in this area is unevenly distributed throughout the year, with more than 80% concentrated in the summer and less than 15% of the annual precipitation in both winter and spring. The soil moisture of 0-20 cm topsoil fluctuated with the amount of precipitation in the corresponding period. In the growing season, the probability of arid and semi-arid years is 69.0%, and that of arid and semi-arid areas in May-June is more than 80%. Therefore, the spring drought seriously threatened agricultural production, with an average annual drought-affected area of about 614,000 ha, accounting for more than 35% of the sown area in this type of area. According to the results of the 1983 ~ 1987 research and the production practice, we have basically formed several kinds of high-yielding and high-yielding water conservancy products, such as “flat-topped soil moisture”, “ridge topped soil moisture”, “harrowed and tillage” and “plastic film covered” Comprehensive technical measures to improve the utilization rate of natural precipitation for the sustainable development of agriculture in the area has played an active role.