In the modern times, the population growth, development of industrial and agricultural production andthe petroleum exploitation, brought about the unceasing expansion of artificial oasis and abrupt increase of water demand.The artificial hydraulic irrigation engineering took the place of the natural river system, the reservoirs took the place ofnatural lakes, which in turn enhanced the space-time redistribution of surface water based on the natural evolution, andso did groundwater. The groundwater recharge reduced 26.2% in 46 years from 1950 to 1995 in the southern piedmontflood plain of Tarim Basin due to mean yearly population increase rate of 27.7%0 and associated with the water use rateincreasing from 24. 6% to 58.4%. At the same time the artificial water system seepage give primary play to groundwaterrecharge, which is up to 57.6% whilst that of the natural system reduce to 33.7%. As a result, groundwater level drop3 -5m widespread except some irrigation area and surroundings of plain reservoir. Spring water discharge also reduceabout 37.6% and discharge zone continuously move away to the north with the value of 0. 5 - 1.2km in the past 40years.