人们可以让计算机做各式各样的事,完成诸如繁复计算、经济管理,生产自动化控制,交通管制调度等项任务。在工业发达的国家里,计算机已渗入到各行各业和社会生活的各个方面,正在戏剧性地改变着人们工作、学习、生活以至娱乐的方式。然而,迄今为止的一切计算机,无论其功能多么强、运算多么神速、吞吐多么海量,却都不能靠其自身独立地完 People can let the computer do all kinds of things, such as complex calculations, economic management, production automation and control, traffic regulation and other tasks. In industrialized countries, computers have penetrated into all walks of life and all aspects of social life and are dramatically changing the way people work, learn, live and entertain. However, so far all the computers, no matter how powerful their functions, computing speed, how much throughput, but they can not rely on their own