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收获指数是作物科学研究和生产中的重要指标,秸秆系数是评估秸秆量的重要参数。本项研究通过查阅2006—2010年发表的大田试验研究的原创性论文,获得了禾谷类作物在中国大陆地区主产省市自治区的收获指数及换算后的秸秆系数。结果表明:水稻的收获指数和秸秆系数全国平均值分别为0.50和1.00,其中16个省市自治区的变幅为在0.43～0.54和0.85～1.33。玉米的收获指数和秸秆系数全国平均值分别为0.49和1.04,其中12个省市自治区的变幅为0.42～0.53和0.89～1.38。小麦的收获指数和秸秆系数全国平均值分别为0.46和1.17,其中11个省市自治区的变幅为0.42～0.50,秸秆系数为1.00～1.38。其他谷类作物的收获指数为0.17～0.49,秸秆系数为1.04～4.88。和前人的研究结果相比,在过去的20多年里,中国主要禾谷类作物的收获指数虽然有明显的提高,但是进一步上升的空间变小。未来要进一步增加作物的经济产量,通过提高收获指数已不再是其主要途径,而要通过增加生物产量以提高其单位面积的经济产量。
Harvest index is an important index of crop science research and production, and straw coefficient is an important parameter to evaluate the amount of straw. This study obtained the harvest index and the converted straw coefficient of cereal crops in the main provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities in Mainland China by referring to the original papers of field trials published in 2006-2010. The results showed that the national average of harvest index and straw coefficient of rice were 0.50 and 1.00, respectively, of which 16 provinces and autonomous regions varied from 0.43 to 0.54 and 0.85 to 1.33. The national average of harvest index and straw coefficient of maize were 0.49 and 1.04, respectively, of which 12 provinces and autonomous regions were 0.42 ~ 0.53 and 0.89 ~ 1.38. The national average of harvest index and straw coefficient of wheat were 0.46 and 1.17 respectively, among which, the amplitude of wheat in 11 provinces was 0.42 ~ 0.50 and the straw coefficient was 1.00 ~ 1.38. The harvest index of other cereal crops was 0.17 ~ 0.49, and the straw coefficient was 1.04 ~ 4.88. Compared with previous studies, the harvest index of China’s major cereal crops has increased significantly over the past 20 years, but the space for further increases has become smaller. In the future, it is necessary to further increase the economic yield of crops, which is no longer the main way to increase the harvest index but to increase the economic yield per unit area by increasing the biological output.