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马寅初是我国著名的经济学家。从第一次世界大战结束后到抗日战争爆发前,他主张依靠民族资本集团,通过资本主义生产方式下的扩大再生产,发达中国民族工业,与西方资本竞胜,达到其“实业救国”的目的。因此,这个时期,围绕着如何发达民族资本集团这一核心问题,他主张对内实行自由经济,要求政府不干预经济,对外主张实行适度的保护贸易,要求从外人手中收回关税自主权,以关税保护民族资本集团的利益。在收回关税自主权的依靠力量上,他经历了由依靠北洋政府到依靠民众、依靠民族资本家,最后到依靠南京国民政府的多种变化。而其在五卅时期提出的以抵制洋货代保护关税思想,则是其依靠民众力量收回关税自主权的尝试,表现出中国民族资产阶级上层一定程度的反帝要求。但是,马寅初这一尝试最终以失败告终,其根源则在于民族资产阶级上层的软弱性。
Ma Yinchu is a famous economist in our country. From the end of the First World War to the outbreak of the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, he advocated relying on the national capital groups for the purpose of “saving the nation by industrialization” through the expansion of reproduction under the capitalist mode of production, the development of China’s national industry and the victory of Western capital . Therefore, at this stage, around the core issue of how to develop the national capital group, he advocated a free economy within the government, asked the government not to intervene in the economy, advocated moderate protection of foreign trade, and demanded the recovery of tariff autonomy from outsiders, Protect the interests of national capital groups. In recovering the dependent power of tariff autonomy, he experienced many changes from relying on the Beiyang government to relying on the people, relying on the national capitalists, and finally relying on the Nanjing National Government. However, its proposal in the May 30th to resist tariff protection by foreign and domestic agents was an attempt by it to rely on the power of the people to regain tariff autonomy, showing some degree of anti-imperialist demands from the top of the Chinese national bourgeoisie. However, Ma Yinchu’s attempt finally ended in failure, rooted in the weakness of the upper class bourgeoisie.