在我国奴隶制时代,由国王、诸侯根据自己亲属的血缘关系的远近,分封官吏,而且主要官吏都是世袭的。这种官制叫做“世卿世禄制”。到了封建社会,统治者开始选拔官吏,例如商鞅在秦国变法,奖励军功,按功劳大小定官爵高下:某些“士”也靠游说上书和向诸侯自荐取得一官半职。 In the era of slavery in our country, the kings and princes sealed official residences according to the kinship of their relatives, and the main bureaucrats were hereditary. This official system is called “Shi Qing Shi Lu system.” In the feudal society, the rulers began to select bureaucrats, such as merchants in the Qin State to reform the law, reward military exploits, according to the size of the merits of the ruler of the government: some “scholars” also rely on lobbying and self-reported to the princes to obtain an official post.