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目的 研究颈静脉孔（JF）及其周围结构的显微解剖。方法 显微镜下（×3）研究40例颅骨。30具成人头颈标本的JF及其周围结构。结果JF内口65.7％右侧大于左侧,外口70.0％右侧大于左侧。茎突、枕骨颈突分别位于JF的外侧和后方,鼓乳切迹位于茎乳孔的外侧。70.6％JF岩部通过Ⅸ、Ⅹ、Ⅺ颅神经,29.4％的岩部仅穿过Ⅸ颅神经。93.0％岩下窦在Ⅸ、Ⅹ颅神经之间汇入颈静脉球。面神经垂直段下部投影80.0％位于鼓乳裂。结论 多数JF右侧大于左侧。岩部通过的神经与神经通道间硬膜宽度有关。茎突、枕骨颈突及头外侧直肌,可作为JF的定位标志。鼓乳裂、鼓乳切迹和二腹肌后腹为面神经的定位标志。
Objective To study the microscopic anatomy of jugular foramen (JF) and its surrounding structures. Methods Under the microscope (× 3), 40 cases of skull were studied. JF and its surroundings of 30 adult head and neck specimens. Results 65.7% of the mouth JF right than the left, 70.0% of the outer right than the left. Styloid process and occipital process are located outside and behind JF, respectively. 70.6% JF rock through Ⅸ, Ⅹ, Ⅺ cranial nerves, 29.4% of rock only through Ⅸ cranial nerve. 93.0% of the inferior petrosal sinus in the Ⅸ, Ⅹ cranial nerve into the jugular bulb. The lower part of the facial nerve projection 80.0% located in the drum crack. Conclusion Most JF right than the left. The nerves passed by the Rocks are related to the width of the dura between the nerve passages. Styloid process, occipital jugular process and lateral rectus abdominis can be used as JF positioning mark. Drum cleft, drum notch and abdominal ventral abdominal muscles for the positioning of signs.