论文部分内容阅读
从宪法、刑法、司法实践、刑罚目的、比较法等角度来看,国家机关刑事责任是可以接受的。国家机关在许多场合作为平等主体实施经济活动,因此有必要通过刑法规制国家机关在经济活动中的违法行为。但是,国家机关有其特殊性,应该通过立法限制国家机关刑事责任的范围,比如要求具体被害人或者具体义务的存在等。此外,尽管绝大部分学者基于权力分立的理由反对人民法院的刑事责任,但是从其在国家机构中的地位出发,我们不能完全引用西方的理论来评价其刑事责任问题。而且,人民法院如同其它国家机关一样,也可能以平等主体从事经济活动,在这些场合追究其刑事责任在法律上可以接受。
From the perspectives of the constitution, criminal law, judicial practice, penal purpose and comparative law, the criminal responsibility of state organs is acceptable. State organs carry out economic activities as equal subjects on many occasions, so it is necessary to regulate criminal activities of state organs in economic activities through criminal law. However, state organs have their own particularity. Legislation should limit the scope of criminal responsibility of state organs, such as requiring specific victims or the existence of specific obligations. In addition, although most scholars oppose the criminal responsibility of the people’s courts based on the reasons for the separation of powers, we can not fully refer to western theories to assess their criminal responsibility from the standpoint of their position in state institutions. Moreover, the People’s Courts, like other State agencies, may also engage in economic activities on an equal basis, where criminal prosecution of their criminal liabilities is legally acceptable.