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纳米碳管是近几年继富勒球之后科学界的又一重大发现,其独特的一维纳米管嵌套结构使其表现出众多独特的力学和物化性能,如高强度、熔体毛细吸附效应和微电场发射等,显示出诱人的结构和功能应用前景,目前深受物理和材料学界的关注。有关纳米碳管的制备是该领域的研究热点之一。 自Iijima于1991年发现电弧放电产物中的纳米管碳结构以来,电弧放电法一直为制备纳米碳管的主要方法。其原理为石墨电极在电弧产生的高温下蒸发,在阴极沉积出纳米管。此方法的缺点是:（Ⅰ）高温:电弧温度高达3000～3700℃,常导致碳纳米管烧结;（Ⅱ）不稳定:一次稳定的电弧放电只能持续10s,间断放电导致产物结构不均匀和大量碳粒子混
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are another major discovery in the scientific community following Fuller’s ball in recent years. Their unique one-dimensional nanotube nested structure enables them to exhibit many unique mechanical and physicochemical properties such as high-strength, capillary sorption Effects and micro-electric field emission, showing attractive prospect of the application of structure and function. At present, it is deeply concerned by the academic circles of physics and materials. The preparation of carbon nanotubes is one of the hot topics in this field. Since Iijima discovered the nanotube carbon structure in arc discharge products in 1991, arc discharge method has been the main method for preparing carbon nanotubes. The principle of graphite electrodes in the arc generated by the evaporation of high temperature, deposition of nanotubes in the cathode. The disadvantages of this method are: (I) high temperature: the arc temperature is as high as 3000 ~ 3700 ℃, often lead to carbon nanotubes sintering; (Ⅱ) instability: a stable arc discharge can last only 10s, discontinuous discharge leads to uneven product structure and A lot of carbon particles mixed