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环境是指人类赖以生存的自然环境和社会环境。环境问题在生产力不大发达的阶段不成其问题。譬如奴隶社会、封建社会,以至于资本主义社会初期都没有突出的环境问题。因为当时人类向自然索取的东西有限,自然恩赐给人类的东西绰绰有余,人类对自然的“糟踏”,自然界也完全承纳得了。但随着人类的进步,生产迅速发展,人类向自然索取的东西越来越多,种类浩繁,数量惊人。自然资源日趋枯竭,自然环境遭到严重污染,环境问题急迫地摆到了人们面前。所谓环境问题可以包括下述的三个方面。
The environment refers to the natural environment and social environment on which human beings live. Environmental issues are not a problem at the stage of low productivity. For example, slave society, feudal society, and even the capitalist society did not have outstanding environmental issues at the beginning. Because at the time humankind had limited things to nature, the natural gifts to humans were more than sufficient, and humans were completely conceited by nature’s “spent” and nature. However, with the advancement of mankind and the rapid development of production, mankind has more and more things to obtain from nature. The variety and quantity of people are astonishing. Natural resources are increasingly depleted, the natural environment is seriously polluted, and environmental problems are urgently placed before people. The so-called environmental issues can include the following three aspects.