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从个人权利出发,分别延承国家路线与社会路线,近代西方国家与社会关系理论形成了两条基本路径。国家主义与无政府主义将这两条路径发挥至极致,而自由主义则走在中间,强调个人权利优先,倡导消极国家观,主张以社会制约权力,坚持“小政府、大社会”关系模式。近代西方政治思想家对国家与社会关系的诠释和解析是当代西方国家与社会关系理论最为直接的来源。
Starting from individual rights, they respectively extend the national line and social line. There are two basic paths formed by the modern western countries and their social relations theory. Both nationalism and anarchism exert these two paths to the utmost while liberalism takes the middle. Emphasis is placed on the priority of individual rights, the concept of a passive state, the restriction of power by society and the mode of “small government and big society.” The interpretation and analysis of the relations between the state and the society by modern western political thinkers are the most direct sources of the theory of social relations in the contemporary West.