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饮食中的营养构成,对人类寿命的长短有极大影响。早在30年代,美国康奈尔大学的营养学家克莱德·麦卡就做过这样的试验:限制一组小白鼠热能的摄取量,但保证其它必要的营养;另一组小白鼠自由取食。结果,自由饮食的小白鼠175天后骨骼就停止了生长。限制饮食的小白鼠300天、500天乃至1000天后骨骼还在缓慢地生长着;自由饮食的小白鼠不到两年半全部死亡,限制饮食的小白鼠活了3～4年;限制组小白鼠的肿瘤发病率也比自由饮食组的少得多,最常见的肾硬变几乎完全消失。经过多次重复试验,结果都是一样,这就是老年学研究中最惊人的“麦卡效应”。但当时并没有引起人们的足够重视。
The nutritional composition of the diet, the length of human life has a great impact. Back in the 1930s, Clyde McArnell, a nutritionist at Cornell University in the United States, did experiments that limited the amount of caloric intake in a group of mice but guaranteed other necessary nutrients. Another group of mice, Feeding. As a result, bones stopped growing after a free diet for 175 days. After 300 days, 500 days or even 1000 days, the bones still grew slowly. The free-eating mice died in less than two and a half years, and the diet-restricted mice lived for 3 to 4 years. The incidence of cancer was also much less than the free diet group, with the most common nephroses almost completely disappearing. After repeated trials, the results are the same, and this is the most dramatic “McCarthy effect” in gerontological research. But at that time did not attract enough attention.